Climate change and its effect on the environment.

 

Climate change and its effect on the environment

Long-term changes in temperatures and weather patterns primarily resulting from human activity, particularly the burning of fossil fuels, are known as climate change.

Climate change is already having visible effects on the world. The Earth is warming, rainfall patterns are changing, and rising sea levels. These changes can increase the risk of heatwaves, floods, droughts, and fires.

Some gases in the Earth's atmosphere trap heat and stop it from escaping into space. We call these greenhouse gases. These gases act as a warming blanket around the Earth, known as the 'greenhouse effect'.

Greenhouse gases come from both human and natural sources. Gases like carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide naturally occur in the atmosphere. Others, such as chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), are exclusively the result of human activity.

Human causes of climate change

Humans cause climate change by releasing carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the air. Today, more carbon dioxide is in the atmosphere than in the past many years.

We produce greenhouse gases in lots of different ways:

• Burning fossil fuels – Fossil fuels such as oil, gas, and coal contain carbon dioxide that has been 'locked away' in the ground for thousands of years. When we take these out of the land and burn them, we release the stored carbon dioxide into the air.
• Deforestation – Forests remove and store carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Cutting them down means that carbon dioxide builds up quicker since no trees can absorb it. Trees also release the carbon they store when we burn them.
• Cement – Producing cement contributes to climate change, causing 2% of our carbon dioxide emissions.

Climate change can affect our climate system in lots of different ways:

• Warmer land and air.
• Warming oceans.
• Melting sea ice and glaciers.
• Rising sea levels.
• Ocean acidification. (Ocean acidification refers to a reduction in the pH of the ocean over an extended period, caused primarily by the uptake of carbon dioxide (CO₂) from the atmosphere.)
• Global greening (global scale greening can be attributed to the increase of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. Rising levels of carbon dioxide increase the rate of photosynthesis and growth in plants)
• Changes in ocean currents.

Impacts of climate change:

Some of the impacts from these changes to our climate system include:

• Risk to water supplies
• Conflict and climate migrants
• Localised flooding
• Flooding of coastal regions
• Damage to marine ecosystems
• Fisheries failing
• Loss of biodiversity
• Change in seasonality
• Heat stress
• Habitable region of pests expands
• Forest mortality and increased risk of fires
• Damage to infrastructure
• Food insecurity

e-learning & MOOOCs

 

 

 

 

e-learning & MOOOCs

e-learning has been widely accepted by the people as it is a helpful resource which helps to do the work easily. E-learning has flexibility and provides a standard learning platform where both teacher and student be participant in teaching and learning, e-learning has become mandatory in today's world from one corner to another corner people get information instantly it works productively and has rules and regulations works systematically nowadays people are using frequently due to the presently situation all the classes are going through on-line ,each every things it is going through  online  . e-learning has become a very useful resource's younger generation are so much into it ,as online is growing same time people are also growing changing , learning ,sharing idea's is happening . e-learning words has power it shows a way to people life has become much more easy .It is very much beneficial to the students , higher  studies and in all sectors in each subject it is helpful like science , history showing projector , useful videos ,using smart class. it makes learning more interesting but teacher has to work harder as well as students have to co-operate then learning will blend with beautiful creative ideas and reach the goal , e-learning has been imprint in people's hearts without e-learning nothing is possible in humans life , e-learning is smarter , intelligent same time it also helps to we humans life has become more easier then before if we happen to see during our ancient time's , e -learning creates an positive attitude environment it's main aim is to help out learner's and win people's life attention , e-learning is transparent it gives a good result without cheating .our world has also transformed and has become modern it is only with the help of e-learning it main motive  with a blink of eye a positive attitude, response has arrived in e-learning.

 

Goals and purpose of e -learning.

 

E-learning is an electronic learning from Google meet , Google classroom etc through online classes we can do face to face learning uses of web technologies tool it enhances collaborative learning and a new learning platform becomes for Student's .

 

Ø Enhances the quality of learning and teaching .

Ø It meets the learning styles or needs of Student's.

Ø Improve the effectiveness.

Ø Improve user accessibility and time flexibility to engage learners on learning process.

Ø E-learning is a vast and expanding platform with huge prospective to higher education.

Ø It helps us like a road map to teacher's and Student's.

Ø E-learning is a good solution to create an active platform for learning.

Ø Online learning has become new norm it lets us adapt own timing and convenience .It helps learners to learn any where.

Ø E-learning is also a tool of whole for corporative training.

Ø Positive thinking can make it easier for you to focus on task that needs to be done and learn new information .

Ø Work on task on time , get quality rest , explore new ideas /take risk ,build a trust connection.

Ø Spread material throughout several study sessions ,clam your mind so that you can think more clearly about your students.

Ø Online -learning offers teachers and students effective way to deliver lessons to Student's.

Ø Online learning offers Student's the accessibility to time and place in education.

Ø Online education is affordable as compare to physical learning it eliminates Student's transportation etc.

Ø Improve Student's attendance can’t miss out if he /she is sick can get excuse 

 

Scope of e-learning.

 

Online learning is a dynamic and life long process it is a wider platform to help students get more educated like smart phone, high speed internet, website etc which helps learner easy to share material.

 

Ø Online education is cheaper than off line education, it saves money ,time and energy.

Ø Through online we can get effective information while sitting at home .

Ø Physical disability people can also go for degrees and built their careers through online learning.

Ø Online education offers chat rooms, email, Google meet ,Google classroom etc.

Ø Online education provides comfortable environment it is flexible.

Ø Opportunity to explore diverse cultures through video -learning, we can interact face to face with Student's various cultural and ethnic background.

Ø Through online any Students can choose the course of his /her preference like IGNOU ,BA courses hons etc.

Ø E-learning is ever green it balances the supply and demand ecosystem.

Ø Online education provides quality of education , development of curriculum it held out to bring new ideas .

Ø Development of teaching learning materials , e-learning videos are a dynamic way to study online especially in the quarantine days .

Ø Online learning is a high quality education main purpose of education is to achieve upward mobility.

Ø Electronic -learning certified online course provides a wide range of course

Ø From good to old times to new reform in education system have revolved around Technology.

Ø We can learn from anywhere, everywhere when we are on the move we can learn at our own pace through recorded sessions.

Ø Learn on demand through web - based training and assignments, learn without communicating and save on time.

Ø Eliminate cost on infrastructure investment, online learning improves time management skills.

Ø Online provides best opportunity to Student's and give the opportunity to choose from various schools and courses.

Ø Accessibility online course material can be accessed 24 hours a day every day .

Ø Students are explained to knowledge share by the instructions around the globe which cannot be learner in books.

Ø Use of e - learning technologies tools and improved the innovative learning.

Types of e-Learning.

 

e-learning is a learning environment when uses information and communications technology (ICT'S) as a platform for reaching and learning activities ,it is an electronic design  technology through learning is created. Lesson based learning, group learning, course based learning ,video -based learning , article based learning ,self-paced learning . App based learning, distance learning video conferencing, hybrid distance learning , open schedule online course. Fixed time online course , computer based e -learning and internet based e-learning . Computer based e-learning and internet based e-learning , Direct through visual ,verbal , physical ,logical , social. High quality content easy navigability effective e-learning provide learning with motivation the using delivery techniques.

 

Advantage of e-learning

Ø Flexibility and self-paced learning better time management.

Ø Demonstrated self-motivated improved virtual communication and collaborative.

Ø Refined critical thinking skills and come to know about new skills.

Ø It cost less, less intensity easier , attendance improve ,self-discipline .

Ø Easier access to teacher location, comfort of home have opinion.

Ø Easy to focus, easier to fit learning into your daily learning skills.

Disadvantages of e-learning

Ø Online Student's feedback is limited.

Ø e -learning can cause social isolation.

Ø e-learning requires strong, self-motivated and time management skills .

Ø Lack of communication skills development in online Student’s.

Ø Online instructors tend to focus on theory rather than practice.

Ø e-learning lacks face to face communication.

Ø e-learning is limited to certain discipline.

Ø Lack of accreditation and quality in online education.

 

Study Webs of Active Learning for Young Aspiring Minds (SWAYAM):

SWAYAM is an indigenous (Made in India) IT Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) Platform for providing best quality education that can be accessed by anyone, anytime and anywhere using the IT system.  All the courses delivered through SWAYAM are available free of cost to the learners, however students wanting certifications shall be registered, shall be offered a certificate on successful completion of the course, with a little fee.

Important Points:

Ø The Concept of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) involves online delivery of interactive learning content to large number of people simultaneously. It allows sharing of best quality education with everyone, thereby bringing in equity as far as the quality of education is concerned.

Ø  It is developed by Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD) and All India Council for Technical Education (AICTE) with the help of Microsoft.

Ø Its ultimately capable of hosting 2000 courses and 80000 hours of learning: covering school, under-graduate, post-graduate, engineering, law and other professional courses.

Ø  More than 1,000 specially chosen faculty and teachers from across the Country have participated in preparing these courses.

Ø At present, the Credits up to 20% of the total courses can only be earned in a Semester by such students through online learning delivered on SWAYAM platform.

Courses under SWAYAM would be available in the following levels: For each level, there is a National Coordinator, who would be responsible for the quality of content:

·       Out of school Children: for classes 9th to 12th (National Coordinator: National Open School Society: NIOS

·        School children in classes 9th to 12th (National Coordinator: NCERT)

·       Undergraduate (non-engineering) courses (National Coordinator: CEC)

·       Post graduate (non-engineering) courses (National Coordinator: UGC)

·       Engineering Courses (National Coordinator: IIT Madras)

·       Management Courses (National Coordinator: IIM Bangalore)

·       Out of college students (National Coordinator: IGNOU)

·       Teaching the teachers (National Coordinator: NITTER Chennai)

There are 4 quadrants in the MOOC pedagogy:

      I.          Video tutorials covering a whole course – normally having about 20 hours of instruction in series of lectures, each lecture not exceeding 30 minutes.

   II.          E-Content: reading material that could add to the learning imparted through the video tutorials.

 III.          Self-Assessment: Quizzes/assignments that intersperse the course

IV.           Discussion forum for posting queries

 

 

 

Questions

1.    MOOCs stands for    (1) Media Online Open Courses   (2) Massachusetts Open Online Courses    (3) Massive Open Online Courses     (4) Myrind Open Online Courses

2.    In which year Digital India mission started?  (1)2014    (2)  2015    (3)  2016     (4) 2017

3.    How much of the total courses can only be earned in a Semester by such students through online learning delivered on SWAYAM platform.

(1) 30% (2)  20%    (3)  40%   (4) 10%

 

4.    How much % the aim to raise the Gross Enrolment Ratio (GER) in the higher education including vocational education by 2035?  (1) 40% (2)  50%    (3)  30%   (4) 26%

5.    SWAYAM  Stands for 

 

 (1)  Study Webs of Active Learning for Young Aspiring Minds  (2) Study  wise  of Active Learning for Young Aspiring Minds    (3)  Study Webs of Access  Learning for Young Aspiring Minds   (4) Smart  Webs of Active Learning  for Young Aspiring Minds  

 

 

 

Quality education through ICT – National Policy on ICT (2012)

 

Quality education through ICT – National Policy on ICT (2012).

 

Create

Ø 1..An environment to develop a community knowledgeable about ICT

Ø 2. An ICT literate community which can deploy, utilise, benefit from ICT and contribute to nation building

Ø  3.An environment of collaboration, cooperation and sharing, conducive to the creation of a demand for optimal utilisation of and optimum returns on the potentials of ICT in education ‘

Promote

Ø  1.Universal, equitable, open and free access to a state-of-the-art ICT and ICT enabled tools and resources to all students and teachers

Ø  2.Development of local and localised quality content and to enable students and teachers to partner in the development and critical use of shared digital resources

Ø 3. Development of professional networks of teachers, resource persons and schools to catalyse and support resource sharing, upgradation, and continuing education of teachers; guidance, counselling and academic support to students; and resource sharing, management and networking of school managers and administrators, resulting in improved efficiencies in the schooling process

Ø   4. Research, evaluation and experimentation in ICT tools and ICT enabled practices in order to inform, guide and utilise the potentials of ICT in school education

Ø  5.Acritical understanding of ICT, its benefits, dangers and limitations

 

Motivate and enable

Ø Wider participation of all sections of society in strengthening the school education process through appropriate utilisation of ICT

System Approach to Instruction in ICT

 

System Approach to Instruction.

System approach was introduced during Second World War. Since then, it has particularly influenced the management decisions of industry, government, military and business sectors. System refers to a fixed method. In fact, system approach is a thorough analysis of a system.

 

 

 

It is applied to develop, implement, and evaluate various aspects of the education system, and sub-system. It is a problem-solving method, analysing the educational process, and making it more effective. The purpose of the systems analysis is to create an enabling learning environment for both teachers and students.

Advantages of System approach

Ø System approach helps to identify the suitability of the resource material to achieve the specific goal.

Ø Technological advance could be used to provide integration of machines, media and people for attaining the defined goal.

Ø It helps to assess the resource needs, their sources and facilities in relation to quantities, time and others factors.

Ø It permits an orderly introduction of components demonstrated to be required for systems success in term of student learning.

Ø  It avoids rigidity in plan of action as continuous evaluation affords desired beneficial changes to be made.

 

 

Disadvantages /Limitations of system approach

Ø System approach requires hard continuous work on the part of school / college

Ø  Some are not prepared for extra load.

Ø  Lack of understanding. Teacher and administrators are still not familiar with system approach.

Ø  It has still to make headway in education.

Ø Difficult to implement